Questão nº 129
Questão de Língua Inglesa · CEBRASPE IRBR 2026 (nº 129)
In recent years, awareness has grown of the scope and scale of violence and discrimination directed at lesbian, gay, bi, trans (LGBT) and intersex people around the world ⸺ including killings, torture, arbitrary detention and widespread discrimination in access to health care, education, employment and housing.
United Nations, regional and national human rights bodies have identified critical gaps in the implementation of international standards to address these and related violations, and have issued a plethora of recommendations, including, among them, the repeal of discriminatory legislation and measures to protect LGBT and intersex people from discrimination, violence, torture and ill treatment, and safeguard rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly.
Increasingly, governments are taking action ⸺ whether in the form of legislation and policy measures or through targeted social and education programmes. At the United Nations Human Rights Council, more than one hundred countries from all regions around the world have voluntarily committed to take measures to end violence and discrimination linked to sexual orientation and gender identity, based on recommendations generated during the first two cycles of the Universal Periodic Review.
However, serious challenges remain. While many countries have taken encouraging steps, in most cases, these efforts have fallen short of the concerted strategy required to tackle violence and discrimination against LGBT and intersex people. Even in countries that have arguably recorded the most progress in respect of the rights of gay men and lesbians, there has been far less attention given to protecting the rights of trans people and only incipient attention to the rights of intersex people.
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the previous text, judge the following items.
The statement made in the last sentence of the text stops short of making a categorical claim that the countries referred to have achieved the greatest progress in protecting the rights of gay men and lesbians.
Resposta comentada
O ponto aqui é a diferença entre uma afirmação categórica (taxativa, sem ressalva) e uma afirmação atenuada (com hedge, ou seja, com uma "proteção" linguística que enfraquece a certeza). O texto diz "countries that have arguably recorded the most progress" — esse arguably (= "discutivelmente", "possivelmente", "pode-se argumentar que") impede que a frase seja lida como uma declaração fechada de que esses países de fato alcançaram o maior progresso. É uma hipótese admitida, não uma tese cravada.
- Correta: Certo. O advérbio arguably relativiza a afirmação, então o texto não faz uma alegação categórica de que esses países atingiram o maior progresso — apenas sugere/aceita essa leitura como discutível.
Fica de olho: a banca costuma trocar o item para algo como "the text categorically states that the countries mentioned have achieved the greatest progress in protecting the rights of gay men and lesbians" — aí seria Errado, porque ignora o arguably. Também é comum ela explorar o contraste final ("far less attention to trans people" / "only incipient attention to intersex people") para tentar fazer você concluir que o texto nega qualquer progresso — o que também seria Errado, pois o texto reconhece avanços, só que insuficientes.
Fonte: CEBRASPE IRBR 2026 Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário). Reproduzida para fins de estudo.